diffusion n. 1.散布,發(fā)散。 2.傳播,普及。 3.冗長。 4.【化學(xué)】滲濾。 5.【物理學(xué)】擴散,漫射。 the diffusion of knowledge 知識的傳播。 diffusion of speech 演說的冗長。 diffusion of light 光線的漫射。
technical adj. 1.技術(shù)(性)的,工藝的;學(xué)術(shù)(上)的;專門(技術(shù))的。 2.【法律】根據(jù)法律的,法律上的。 3.【商業(yè)】人造的;用工業(yè)方法制造的,由市場內(nèi)部因素(如投機等)引起的。 4.〔美俚〕外表的,表面上的,淺薄的。 technical skill 專門技能,技術(shù)水平。 a technical expert 技術(shù)專家。 a technical adviser 技術(shù)顧問。 a technical book 專門性的畫。 a technical difficulty 技術(shù)[法律、手續(xù)]上的困難。
As such , this was a process of technical diffusion 由此,技術(shù)擴散的過程得以進(jìn)展。
Li this chapter , firstly , briefly describe the concept of fdi and new direction to investigate the influence of fdi on economy of host countries ; secondly , investigate the effect of fdi on international technology transfer and technical diffusion of host countries 通常,國內(nèi)競爭企業(yè)的技術(shù)水平在很大程度上已接近了外資企業(yè)的技術(shù)水平,或者因其未能達(dá)到規(guī)?;?jīng)濟而外資企業(yè)很難吞食整個市場,在這些產(chǎn)業(yè)上,產(chǎn)生很大的技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)移效果。
But introduction of transnational corporations " technology is not very effective . guided by classic theory on technology transfer , the paper tries to make a thorough study of the limitations to china ' s technical progress resulting from transnational corporations " direct investment : the inadequacy of macro policy of government and key technology lock of transnational corporations limit the technical input of transnational corporations ; more importantly , inner inadequacy of enterprises and market in china limit the technical diffusion of transnational corporations , which are discussed in detail through existing scale , technical level , property right structure , element and product market 但是引進(jìn)跨國公司直接投資對中國技術(shù)進(jìn)步的效果還不理想,本文以經(jīng)典作家有關(guān)技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)移和技術(shù)引進(jìn)的理論為指導(dǎo),深入分析和探討了跨國公司直接投資對中國技術(shù)進(jìn)步的局限性:宏觀政策的缺欠和跨國公司的核心技術(shù)鎖定制約了跨國公司對在華企業(yè)的技術(shù)投入,而國內(nèi)企業(yè)和市場的內(nèi)在不足制約了跨國公司在華企業(yè)的技術(shù)擴散,從企業(yè)現(xiàn)有規(guī)模、技術(shù)管理水平、產(chǎn)權(quán)結(jié)構(gòu)和要素市場、產(chǎn)品市場結(jié)構(gòu)兩個方面詳細(xì)論述。
After analysis on the process of technical innovation diffusion , it introduces the diffusion pattern of technical innovation , points out that different pattern is lies in the different choice of research angle , the different type enterprise has its own effective technical diffusion pattern that most suits it ; at the same time it also proposes in the diffusion system which factors are affecting the technical innovation diffusion 在對技術(shù)創(chuàng)新擴散過程分析后,介紹了技術(shù)創(chuàng)新的擴散模式,指出模式的不同只是在于選擇的研究角度不同,不同類型的企業(yè)有最適合自己的有效技術(shù)擴散模式;同時也提出擴散系統(tǒng)中哪些因素影響著技術(shù)創(chuàng)新擴散。
Governments should exert their macro - regulation function to establish more efficient extension systems for agricultural techniques , and to select proper extension ways according to local conditions . setting up risk mechanisms for whole agriculture , enhancing technical diffusion , improving farmers " behavioral environment and guiding them properly , were also effective ways to promote the acceptance of new techniques 加快農(nóng)業(yè)科技成果推廣應(yīng)充分發(fā)揮政府宏觀調(diào)控職能,建立高效的農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣體系,因地制宜,選擇適宜的推廣模式,建立健全農(nóng)業(yè)風(fēng)險機制,改善行為環(huán)境,引導(dǎo)行為主體,改變傳播方式,有效促進(jìn)農(nóng)戶積極采用新技術(shù)。
It further discusses the operation mechanism of the system of agrotechnical diffusion and indicates that the essence of technical diffusion is information diffusion , and the system depends on the course which information flows from the fountainhead to the receivers . and it analyzed the ingredients which influence the information flowing in the system . intruding shannon ’ s information 進(jìn)一步探討了農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)擴散系統(tǒng)的運行機制,并指出,技術(shù)擴散實質(zhì)是信息的傳播,是建立在信息從信息源到接收者之間的流動過程,對技術(shù)推廣系統(tǒng)中影響信息流動的因素進(jìn)行分析,引入shannon的信息熵計算方法,對信息接受者的信息接收含量進(jìn)行測度,通過對所得的數(shù)值進(jìn)行比較,運用定量與定性分析相結(jié)合的方法證明技術(shù)推廣活動的效率。
Chapter four : in order to make empirical research on technology transfer of foreign invested enterprise , i investigated 39 ' s foreign invested enterprises in beijing economic - technological development area ( bda ) , analyzed the " motivation of technology transfer , way and meaning of technology transfer and present situation of technical diffusion by results of investigation , here are main findings ; ( 1 ) during technology transfer between foreign - invested enterprise in bda and parent companies of foreign investment , most enterprises perform technology transfer through inner ways of enterprises and open ways 關(guān)于外國直接投資對東道國企業(yè)所帶來的技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)移效果所進(jìn)行的研究可分為兩種。其一,外國直接投資帶來了東道國的技術(shù)擴散效應(yīng);其二,外國直接投資對東道國企業(yè)的技術(shù)擴散沒有特別的效應(yīng)。針對前者所進(jìn)行的有代表性的研究有blomstrom ( 1989 ) 、 romer ( 1992 ) 、 kokko ( 1994 )等;針對后者所進(jìn)行的研究有cantwell ( 1989 ) 、 haddad ( 1993 )等。
This article takes the basic of agrotechnical diffusion as the main line , regards the whole system of agrotechnical diffusion as a dynamic consecutive course , and divided the course into three sub - systems , viz . science and technological innovation , technical diffusion and technical application . the contact of the three depends on the flow of information in different course in the whole system 本文以農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)擴散的基本路徑為主線,將整個農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)擴散系統(tǒng)看做一個動態(tài)的連續(xù)過程,并將這個過程劃分為科技創(chuàng)新,技術(shù)推廣和技術(shù)應(yīng)用三個子過程,它們在系統(tǒng)中的聯(lián)系是由信息在不同過程間流動來完成的。